HW From textbook “CHEMISTRY a Contemporary Approach”

Read "Overview" p164&165

Read "The modern Periodic Table" p169&170

Read "Organization of the Periodic Table" p170&171

Read "Metals and Nonmetals" p175&176

Do Questions 1,2,4,6,7,13,14,20,23 p178-180

Density is the amount of mass in a given volume (d = m/V) see table S

Conductivity is the ability to carry an electrical current  when electrons or ions are free to move.

Malleability is the ability of solids to be hammered into thin sheets.

Solubility is the ability to dissolve in a solvent.

Hardness is the ability to resist physical changes.

The general physical properties of metals are:

• At STP, they are all solids except for Hg which is a liquid.

• In general, they have a silvery luster.

• They are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets).

• They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

The general physical properties of nonmetals are:

• At STP some are gases (H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, and the noble gases), liquid (Br₂), and solids (all the others)

• The solids are brittle such as S₈(s) and I₂(s)

• They lack a luster.

• They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

The general physical properties of metalloids are:

They have intermediate physical properties between metals and nonmetals.

The general physical properties of Noble gases are:

They are all  monatomic molecules and tend to be inert (unreactive) except  for Kr and Xe that have shown some reactivity in the laboratory.

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1/07

5 Which isotopic notation represents an atom of carbon-14? (1) C-6  (2) C-8  (3) C-9 (4) C-14

7 The elements on the Periodic Table arearranged in order of increasing (1) boiling point (2) electronegativity (3) atomic number (4) atomic mass

8 Which element is classified as a nonmetal? (1) Be (2) Al (3) Si (4) Cl

11 Lithium and potassium have similar chemical properties because the atoms of both elements have the same

        (1) mass number  (2) atomic number (3) number of electron shells (4) number of valence electrons

32 Which isotopic notation identifies a metalloid that is matched with the corresponding number of protons in each of its atoms?

(1) Mg-24 and 12 protons (2) Si-28 and 14 protons (3) As-75 and 75 protons (4) Br-80 and 80 protons

Base your answers to questions 67 through 70 on the information below, which describes the proposed discovery of element 118.

In 1999, a nuclear chemist and his team announced they had discovered a new element by crashing krypton atoms into lead. The new element, number 118, was assigned the name ununoctium and the symbol Uuo. One possible isotope of ununoctium could have been Uuo-291. However, the discovery of Uuo was not confirmed because other scientists could not reproduce the experimental results published by the nuclear chemist and his team. In 2006, another team of scientists claimed that they produced Uuo. This claim has yet to be confirmed.

Adapted from Discover January 2002

67 Based on atomic number, in which group on the Periodic Table would element 118 be placed?

68 What would be the total number of neutrons present in a theoretical atom of Uuo-291?

69 What would be the total number of electrons present in a theoretical atom of Uuo-291?

70 Explain why being able to reproduce scientific results is an important component of scientific research.

6/07

3 A sample composed only of atoms having the same atomic number is classified as (1) a compound (2) a solution (3) an element (4) an isomer

6 Which element is most chemically similar to chlorine? (1) Ar ((2) F 3) Fr (4) S

34 At STP, which element is brittle and not a conductor of electricity? (1) S (2) K (3) Na (4) Ar

8/07

4 Which element is a solid at STP and a good conductor of electricity? (1) iodine (2) mercury (3) nickel (4) sulfur

5 Which element has both metallic and nonmetallic properties? (1) Rb (2) Rn (3) Si (4) Sr

7 Atoms of which element have the greatest tendency to gain electrons? (1) bromine (2) chlorine (3) fluorine (4) iodine

33 Which statement explains why sulfur is classified as a Group 16 element?

        (1) A sulfur atom has 6 valence electrons. (2) A sulfur atom has 16 neutrons. (3) Sulfur is a yellow solid at STP. (4) Sulfur reacts with most metals.

Base your answers to questions 67 through 69 on the information below.

Elements with atomic numbers 112 and 114 have been produced and their IUPAC names are pending approval. However, an element that would be put between these two elements on the Periodic Table has not yet been produced. If produced, this element will be identified by the symbol Uut until an IUPAC name is approved.

67 In the space in your answer booklet, draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of Uut.

68 Determine the charge of an Uut nucleus. Your response must include both the numerical value and the sign of the charge.

69 Identify one element that would be chemically similar to Uut.

1/06

1/05

6 Germanium is classified as a (1) metal (2) metalloid (3) nonmetal (4) noble gas

6/05

4 The elements in Period 5 on the Periodic Table are arranged from left to right in order of 

                    (1) decreasing atomic mass (2) decreasing atomic number (3) increasing atomic mass (4) increasing atomic number 

5 Which list of elements contains a metal, a metalloid, and a nonmetal?  (1) Zn, Ga, Ge          (2) Si, Ge, Sn           (3) Cd, Sb, I            (4) F, Cl, Br 

1/04

22 Which of these elements is the best conductor of electricity? (1) S (2) N (3) Br (4) Ni

4 On the present Periodic Table of the Elements, the elements are arranged according to increasing

         (1) number of oxidation states (2) number of neutrons (3) atomic mass (4) atomic number

5 What is a property of most metals?
        (1) They tend to gain electrons easily when bonding. (2) They tend to lose electrons easily when bonding.
        (3) They are poor conductors of heat. (4) They are poor conductors of electricity.

6/04

5 Which pair of symbols represents a metalloid and a noble gas? (1) Si and Bi (2) As and Ar (3) Ge and Te (4) Ne and Xe

37 Element X is a solid that is brittle, lacks luster, and has six valence electrons. In which group on the Periodic Table would element X be found? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 15 (4) 16

8/04

4 What determines the order of placement of the elements on the modern Periodic Table?

                (1) atomic number (2) atomic mass (3) the number of neutrons, only (4) the number of neutrons and protons

1/03

Which list of elements contains two metalloids? (1) Si, Ge, Po, Pb   (2) As, Bi, Br, Kr   (3) Si, P, S, Cl  (4) Po, Sb, I, Xe

8/03

7 Which element is a solid at STP? (1) H₂ (3) N₂ (2) I₂ (4) O₂

19 In which group of the Periodic Table do most of the elements exhibit both positive and negative oxidation states? (1) 17 (3) 12 (2) 2 (4) 7

5 The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing (1) atomic number (2) atomic radius (3) mass number (4) neutron number

37 The element in Period 4 and Group 1 of the Periodic Table would be classified as a (1) metal (3) nonmetal (2) metalloid (4) noble gas

8/02

Which of these elements has physical and chemical properties most similar to silicon (Si)? (1) germanium (Ge)    (2) lead (Pb)   (3) phosphorus (P)   (4) chlorine (Cl)

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