nuclear chemistry.....aims

 

 

home

 

 

aim 1.....what is radioactivity? quiz

aim 2.....what is the concept of half-life? quiz

aim 3.....what are natural and artificial transmutations? quiz

aim 4.....what are fission and fusion nuclear reactions? quiz

aim 5.....what are the risks and benefits associated with radioactivity? quiz

honors

 

fill-in the blanks

cross-word puzzle

skills students should be able to do

real-world connections

skills students should be able to do

back to top

real-world connections

back to top

fill-in the blanks

Words: alpha, beneficial, biological, decay, fission, high- energy, industrial, mass, natural, nuclear, nuclei, penetrating, radioactive, radioactivity, ratio, reactions, transmutation

 

Stability of isotopes is based on the _____ of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously ______, emitting radiation. Each __________ isotope has a specific mode and rate of decay (half-life). A change in the nucleus of an atom that converts it from one element to another is called ____________. This can occur naturally or can be induced by the bombardment of the nucleus by _____ - ________ particles. Spontaneous decay can involve the release of ______ particles, beta particles, positrons and/or gamma radiation from the nucleus of an unstable isotope. These emissions differ in mass, charge, and ionizing power, and ___________ power. Nuclear reactions include _________ and artificial transmutation, fission, and fusion. There are benefits and risks associated with ______ and fusion reactions. Nuclear reactions can be represented by equations that include symbols which represent atomic ______ (with the mass number and atomic number), subatomic particles (with mass number and charge), and/or emissions such as gamma radiation. Energy released in a nuclear reaction (fission or fusion) comes from the fractional amount of _____converted into energy. _________ changes convert matter into energy. Energy released during nuclear reactions is much greater than the energy released during chemical _________. There are inherent risks associated with ___________ and the use of radioactive isotopes. Risks can include __________ exposure, long-term storage and disposal, and nuclear accidents. Radioactive isotopes have many __________ uses. Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine and _________ chemistry, e.g., radioactive dating, tracing chemical and biological processes, industrial measurement, nuclear power, and detection and treatment of disease.

 

back to top

quiz 1

 

Question #1
The stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of
[A] protons to electrons
[B] neutrons to electrons
[C] protons to molecular mass
[D] neutrons to protons

Question #2
Which particles can be emitted when a nucleus spontaneously decays?
[A] He-4
[B] Electrons
[C] Alpha particles
[D] all of the above

Question #3
Which decay product could penetrate almost a foot of lead?
[A] Alpha particle
[B] beta particle
[C] gamma radiation
[D] all of the above

Question #4
What is the mass and charge of gamma radiation?
[A] Mass of 4 charge of +2
[B] Mass of 0 charge of -1
[C] Mass of 0 charge of 0
[D] Mass of 1 charge of 0

Question #5
Each radioactive isotope has a specific mode of decay.
True
False

Question #6
Which is the best at removing electrons from an atom?
[A] beta particles
[B] protons
[C] gamma radiation
[D] alpha particles

Question #7
Which element has an decay mode of positrons?
[A] Au-198
[B] K-37
[C] Fr-220
[D] U-238

Question #8
For elements with low atomic masses, what is the approximate ratio of neutrons to protons?
[A] 1 to 1.5
[B] 1.5 to 1
[C] 1 to 1
[D] 1 to 2

Question #9
Which particle has the smallest mass?
[A] beta particles
[B] alpha particles
[C] positrons
[D] gamma radiation

Question #10
The element Hg is radioactive.
True
False

 

back to top

quiz 2

 

Question #1
Each radioactive isotope has a specific rate of decay
True
False

Question #2
The half-life of a radioactive substance is
[A] the time it takes for 100% of an initial amount of the substance to decay.
[B] the time it takes for 50% of an initial amount of the substance to decay.
[C] the time it takes for 25% of an initial amount of the substance to decay.
[D] the time it takes for 12.5% of an initial amount of the substance to decay.

Question #3
What can alter a half life?
[A] external pressure
[B] internal pressure
[C] temperature
[D] chemical activity
[E] nothing

Question #4
How many grams of 200g of Au-198 would remain after two half-lives?
[A] 200g
[B] 100g
[C] 50g
[D] 25g

Question #5
When will C-14 be completely decomposed?
[A] after 5730 years
[B] after 11460 years
[C] after 22920years
[D] never

Question #6
What fraction of a radioactive 90-Sr sample would remain unchanged after 2810 years?
[A] (1/2)^100
[B] (1/2)^10
[C] (28.1)^100
[D] (28.1)^10

Question #7
In 6.2 hours, a 100 gram sample of Ag-112 decays to 50 grams. What is the half-life of Ag-112?
[A] 1.6 hours
[B] 3.1 hours
[C] 6.2 hours
[D] 12.4 hours

Question #8
What is the half life of hydrogen-3?
[A] 12.26 y
[B] 12.6 d
[C] 27.7 s
[D] 12.6 s

Question #9
Which of the following radioisotopes has the shortest half-life?
[A] U-233
[B] N-16
[C] Fr-220
[D] Ne-19

Question #10
How much of P-32 is left after 1029.6 h?
[A] 1/16
[B] 1/2
[C] 1/4
[D] 1/8

 

back to top

quiz 3

 

Question #1
Which of these following choices is not a type of nuclear reactions?
[A] Artificial transmutation
[B] Natural transmutation
[C] decomposition
[D] Fission

Question #2
How are nuclear reactions represented?
[A] using symbols with the mass number and nuclear charge
[B] using symbols with the mass number and electronegativity
[C] using symbols with the atomic number and ionic charge
[D] using symbols with the atomic number and number of alpha particles

Question #3
A change in the nucleus of an atom that converts it from one element to another is called
[A] Translation
[B] Transportation
[C] Transmutation
[D] Transition

Question #4
Transmutation can occur naturally or can be induced by the bombardment of the nucleus by high-energy particles.
True
False

Question #5
How are nuclear reactions balanced?
[A] The electrons and mass have to be balanced.
[B] The charge and mass have to be balanced.
[C] The charge and protons have to be balanced.
[D] The charge and electrons have to be balanced.

Question #6
Given the reaction : Au-198->Hg-x + e-
What is x?
[A] 196
[B] 197
[C] 198
[D] 199

Question #7
Given the equation : Fr-220 -> At-216 + He-4
What is the decay mode of Fr-220?
[A] alpha decay
[B] beta decay
[C] gamma decay
[D] positron decay

Question #8
In artificial transmutations the nucleus is bombarded with high energy particles to induce transmutation.
True
False

Question #9
Given the nuclear equation: Ne-19 ---> F-19 + X What nuclear particle is represented by X?
[A] a positron
[B] a neutron
[C] an electron
[D] a beta particle

Question #10
Find what X is in the following nuclear reaction : Al-27 + He-4 -> X-30 + n
[A] Si
[B] P
[C] S
[D] Cl
 

back to top

quiz 4

 

Question #1
A fission nuclear reaction is
[A] the splitting of a light nucleus into 2 or more smaller nuclei
[B] the splitting of a heavy nucleus into 2 or more lighter nuclei
[C] the joining of 2 lighter nuclei into 1 heavy nucleus
[D] the joining of 1 heavy nuclei into 2 or more smaller nuclei

Question #2
A reaction in which an initial step leads to a succession of repeating steps that continues indefinitely is called a
[A] nuclear chain reaction
[B] fission reaction
[C] fusion reaction
[D] artificial transmutation

Question #3
The energy released during nuclear reactions is much lower than the energy released during chemical reactions.
True
False

Question #4
What is the mass defect?
[A] the sum of the masses of the products and reactants
[B] the product of the masses of the products and reactants
[C] the quotient of the masses of the products and reactants
[D] the difference between the masses of the products and reactants

Question #5
There are no known benefits and risks associated with fusion and fission reactions.
True
False

Question #6
In fission reactions a large nucleus is bombarded with gamma rays.
True
False

Question #7
Which reaction illustrates the process of fusion?
[A] Al-27 + He 4 ------> P-30 + n
[B] H-2 + H-2 ------> He-4 + E
[C] C-14 -----> N-14 + e-
[D] U-235 + n ------> Br-87 + La 146 + 3n

Question #8
Given the fusion reaction: 2 H-2 -------> X + energy Which particle is represented by X?
[A] H-1
[B] H-3
[C] He-3
[D] He-4

Question #9
Which change takes place in a nuclear fusion reaction?
[A] matter is converted to energy
[B] energy is converted to matter
[C] energy is converted to neutrons
[D] matter is converted to positrons

Question #10
"It is not a practical source of energy because the technical problems of high temperature, pressure, and containment of reaction are enormous." In the statement above, which process is being discussed?
[A] nuclear fission
[B] artificial transmutation
[C] nuclear fusion
[D] natural transmutation

 

back to top

quiz 5

 

Question #1
Which risks are associated with radioactivity and the use of radioactive isotopes?
[A] biological exposure and long term storage only
[B] industrial measurement, long term storage and disposal, and nuclear accidents only
[C] biological exposure, long term storage and disposal, and nuclear accidents only
[D] biological exposure and nuclear accidents only

Question #2
Biological radiation damage are always genetic.
True
False

Question #3
According to Table N, which radioactive isotope is best for dating rocks?
[A] Ra-226
[B] Fr-220
[C] P-32
[D] U-238

Question #4
What are the two requirements for introducing a radioactive isotope in a body for detection of diseases?
[A] short half life and can be flushed out of the body quickly.
[B] long half life and can be flushed out of the body quickly.
[C] long half life and stays in the body for an extended period of time.
[D] short half life and stays in the body for an extended period of time.

Question #5
Which of the following radioisotopes could be used to detect diseases by ingesting it?
[A] U-235
[B] I-131
[C] Pu-239
[D] Th-232

Question #6
Why does radium substitute for calcium in bones?
[A] It is in the same period in the periodic table of elements.
[B] It is in the same group in the periodic table of elements.
[C] They have the same half life.
[D] They have the same electron configuration.

Question #7
Reagents can be labeled with radioactive atoms to follow the course of a reaction in tracing chemical and biological processes.
True
False

Question #8
What are radium-226 and cobalt-60 used for?
[A] cancer therapy
[B] finding brain tumors
[C] injecting into bloodstreams
[D] it is used as a scanning device

Question #9
Which statement explains why nuclear waste materials can pose problems?
[A] They frequently have short half lives and remain radioactive for brief periods of time
[B] They frequently have long half lives and remain radioactive for brief periods of time
[C] They frequently have long half lives and remain radioactive for extended periods of time
[D] They frequently have short half lives and remain radioactive for extended periods of time

Question #10
Which radioisotope matches its correct use?
[A] Iodine-131 is used to study circulation.
[B] Technetium-99m is used for locating brain tumors.
[C] Iodine-131 is used to detect problems in heart muscles.
[D] Thallium-201 is used to detect thyroid disorder.

 

back to top

home