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nuclear chemistry.....aims |
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aim 1.....what is radioactivity?
aim 2.....what is the concept of half-life?
aim 3.....what are natural and artificial transmutations?
aim 4.....what are fission and fusion nuclear reactions?
aim 5.....what are the risks and benefits associated with radioactivity?
skills students should be able to do
calculate the initial amount, the fraction remaining or the half-life of a radioactive isotope, given two of the three variables
compare and contrast fission and fusion reactions
complete nuclear equations; predict missing particles from nuclear equations
determine decay mode and write nuclear equations showing alpha and beta decay
identify specific uses of some common radioisotopes, such as: 1-131 in diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders; C-14 to C-12 ratio in dating living organisms; U-238 to Pb-206 ratio in dating geological formations; Co-60 in treating cancer
radioactive dating
nuclear fission and fusion reactions that release energy
radioisotopes, tracers, transmutation man-made elements
production of nuclear power: fission and fusion (breeder reactors)
cost-benefit analysis among various types of power production
nuclear waste
radioactive pollution
use of radioactive tracers
radiation therapy
irradiated food
Words: alpha, beneficial, biological, decay, fission, high- energy, industrial, mass, natural, nuclear, nuclei, penetrating, radioactive, radioactivity, ratio, reactions, transmutation
Stability of isotopes is based on the _____ of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously ______, emitting radiation. Each __________ isotope has a specific mode and rate of decay (half-life). A change in the nucleus of an atom that converts it from one element to another is called ____________. This can occur naturally or can be induced by the bombardment of the nucleus by _____ - ________ particles. Spontaneous decay can involve the release of ______ particles, beta particles, positrons and/or gamma radiation from the nucleus of an unstable isotope. These emissions differ in mass, charge, and ionizing power, and ___________ power. Nuclear reactions include _________ and artificial transmutation, fission, and fusion. There are benefits and risks associated with ______ and fusion reactions. Nuclear reactions can be represented by equations that include symbols which represent atomic ______ (with the mass number and atomic number), subatomic particles (with mass number and charge), and/or emissions such as gamma radiation. Energy released in a nuclear reaction (fission or fusion) comes from the fractional amount of _____converted into energy. _________ changes convert matter into energy. Energy released during nuclear reactions is much greater than the energy released during chemical _________. There are inherent risks associated with ___________ and the use of radioactive isotopes. Risks can include __________ exposure, long-term storage and disposal, and nuclear accidents. Radioactive isotopes have many __________ uses. Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine and _________ chemistry, e.g., radioactive dating, tracing chemical and biological processes, industrial measurement, nuclear power, and detection and treatment of disease.