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chemical bonding.....aims |
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aim 1.....what are the different forms of bonding?
aim 2.....what is molecular polarity?
aim 3.....what is the relationship between bonding and physical properties of solids?
skills students should be able to do
distinguish among ionic, molecular, and metallic substances, given their properties
demonstrate bonding concepts using Lewis dot structures representing valence electrons: transferred (ionic bonding); shared (covalent bonding); in a stable octet
determine the noble gas configuration an atom will achieve when bonding
distinguish between nonpolar covalent bonds (two of the same nonmetals) and polar covalent bonds
saturated vs. unsaturated compounds-health connections
photosynthesis
DNA bonding
free radicals
Words: arbitrary, broken, conductivity, configuration, covalent, decreases, degree, differentiated, electron-dot, electronegativity, intermolecular forces, ionic, molecular polarity, noble, nonmetals, polar, polyatomic, radius, released, symmetrical, transferred
Compounds can be _____________ by their chemical and physical properties. Two major categories of compounds are _____ and molecular (covalent) compounds. Chemical bonds are formed when valence electrons are: ___________ from one atom to another (ionic), shared between atoms (covalent), mobile within a metal (metallic). In a multiple _________ bond, more than one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. _________ __________can be determined by the shape of the molecule and the distribution of charge. ____________ (nonpolar) molecules include CO2, CH4, and diatomic elements. Asymmetrical (______) molecules include HCl, NH3, and H2O. When an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a negative ion and its _______ increases. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a positive ion and its radius __________. When a bond is ________, energy is absorbed. When a bond is formed, energy is _________. Atoms attain a stable valence electron ____________ by bonding with other atoms. _______ gases have stable valence configurations and tend not to bond. Physical properties of substances can be explained in terms of chemical bonds and _____________ ________. These properties include ___________, malleability, solubility, hardness, melting point, and boiling point. _________ - ____ diagrams (Lewis structures) can represent the valence electron arrangement in elements, compounds, and ions. _____________ indicates how strongly an atom of an element attracts electrons in a chemical bond. Electronegativity values are assigned according to _________ scales. The electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms is used to assess the ________ of polarity in the bond. Metals tend to react with _________ to form ionic compounds. Nonmetals tend to react with other nonmetals to form _________ (covalent) compounds. Ionic compounds containing ___________ ions have both ionic and covalent bonding.